Skip to main content

C++ program to implement Booth's multiplier

By
  1  #include <iostream>
  2  #include <windows.h>
  3  #include <fstream>
  4  #include <math.h>
  5  #define pause system("pause");
  6  using namespace std;
  7  const int no_of_bits = 32;
  8  /* this Program uses Following notations.... first bit for signed and then it goes like this 1 2 4 8 16 32 64......
  9  /* ----------------------------------------global variables ----------------------------------
 10  */
 11  int Q1=0; /// extra bit holder
 12  int A[no_of_bits]; /// Accumulator storing array
 13  int Q[no_of_bits];/// Multiplier storing Array.
 14  int N,Qsize;/// no of bits in multiplier
 15  int X; /// no of bits in multiplicand.
 16  int M[no_of_bits]; /// M value
 17  int M2Complement[no_of_bits];/// -M
 18  int temp[no_of_bits]; /// for temporary use
 19  ofstream out;
 20 
 21  /*
 22  ...............................................now function ....................................
 23 
 24  */
 25  int binary_convert(int,int m[]);
 26  void ARS(); /// arithmetic Right Shift ...
 27 
 28  void Add(int[],int []); /// used for Function two's complement... and adding of two array
 29  void intialiser(int ,int ); /// used to initialize A Q N and all
 30  a
 31 
 32  /*
 33 
 34 
 35  Main Function Starts
 36 
 37 
 38  */
 39  int main ()
 40  {int multiplicand,multiplier,result=0;
 41  out.open("Booth's Multiplier.txt",ios::out);
 42  out<<"++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Welcome To booth's Multiplier++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\n";
 43  cout<<endl;
 44  /// m is the multiplicand
 45  /// is multiplier....
 46  cout<<"                          Booth's multiplier                                 \n\n\n\a\n";
 47  cout<<"============================================================================\n";
 48  cout<<"Enter the Multiplicand ---> ";
 49  out<<"\n\n\n\n============================================================================\n";
 50  out<<"Enter the Multiplicand ---> ";
 51 
 52  cin>>multiplicand;
 53  out<<multiplicand;
 54  cout<<"Enter the Multiplier ---> ";
 55  cin>>multiplier;
 56  cout<<"Displaying Result of "<<multiplicand<<"X"<<multiplier<<endl;
 57  out<<"\nEnter the Multiplier ---> "<<multiplier<<endl;;
 58  out<<"Displaying Result of "<<multiplicand<<"X"<<multiplier<<endl;
 59 
 60  out<<"============================================================================\n";
 61 
 62  cout<<"============================================================================\n";
 63 
 64  int opr=0;
 65  /*
 66  opr code ...
 67  opr code =1 shifting
 68  opr =2 Subs
 69  opr=3 Add...
 70  */
 71  int counter=0;
 72  intialiser(multiplicand,multiplier);
 73 
 74 
 75 
 76  cout<<"============================================================================\n\n                ::StepS::\n\n";
 77  cout<<"============================================================================\n";
 78 
 79  out<<"============================================================================\n\n                ::StepS::\n\n";
 80  out<<"============================================================================\n";
 81 
 82 
 83 
 84  cout<<"Index\t A\t\tQ\t\tQ1\tN\t operation\n\n";
 85  cout<<"0\t";
 86  out<<"Index\t A\t\tQ\t\tQ1\tN\t operation\n\n";
 87  out<<"0\t";
 88  for(int i=no_of_bits-X;i<no_of_bits;i++){
 89  cout<<A[i];out<<A[i];}cout<<"\t\t"; out<<"\t\t";
 90  for(int i=no_of_bits-N;i<no_of_bits;i++){
 91  cout<<Q[i];out<<Q[i];}
 92  cout<<"\t\t"<<Q1<<"\t"<<N<<"\t ------------";; out<<"\t"<<Q1<<"\t"<<N<<"\t -------------";
 93 
 94 
 95 
 96 
 97 
 98  while(N>0){
 99 
100 
101 
102 
103  if(Q[no_of_bits-1]==1&&Q1==0) /// it is of form 10
104  {Add(A,M2Complement);opr=2;
105 
106  }
107  else if (Q[no_of_bits-1]==0&&Q1==1) /// it is of form 01
108  {
109      Add(A,M);opr=3;
110  }
111  ARS(); /// shifting at last..
112   cout<<"\n\a____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\n";
113  cout<<++counter<<"\t";
114  out<<"\n\a____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\n";
115  out<<++counter<<"\t";
116 
117 
118  for(int i=no_of_bits-X;i<no_of_bits;i++){out<<A[i];
119  cout<<A[i];} cout<<"\t\t";out<<"\t\t";
120  for(int k=(no_of_bits-Qsize);k<no_of_bits;k++) {cout<<Q[k];out<<Q[k];}
121  cout<<"\t\t"<<Q1<<"\t"<<N<<"\t";out<<"\t\t"<<Q1<<"\t"<<N<<"\t";
122  if(opr==1){cout<<"\tShifting"<<endl;out<<"\tShifting"<<endl;}
123  else if(opr==2){ cout<<"\tSubtracting and Arithmetic Shifting....\n";out<<"\tSubtracting and Arithmetic Shifting....\n";}
124  else {cout<<"\tAdding and Shifting....\n";out<<"\tAdding and Shifting....\n";}
125  out<<"\n\a____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\n";
126  cout<<"\n\a____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\n";
127 
128  }
129  int power=0;
130  if(A[0]==0) /// it is a +ve result
131  {
132 
133      for(int k=no_of_bits-1; k>=(no_of_bits-Qsize);k--)
134 
135  {result=result+(pow(2,power++)*Q[k]);
136 
137  }
138   for(int k=no_of_bits-1; k>=(no_of_bits-X);k--)
139  {
140      result=result+(pow(2,power++)*A[k]);
141 
142  }
143 
144 
145 
146  }
147  else  /// if number is negative
148  {int product[X+Qsize],tempproduct[X+Qsize];
149  int prosize=X+Qsize,sum=0,carry=0;
150  cout<<" Answer is negative so Taking its Two's Complement..\n";
151 
152  for(int i=0;i<X+Qsize;i++) tempproduct[i]=0; temp[(X+Qsize)-1]=1;
153 
154  for(int k=0;k<Qsize;k++) product[--prosize]=Q[(no_of_bits-1)-k];
155  for(int k=0;k<X;k++) product[--prosize]=A[(no_of_bits-1)-k];
156 
157 
158  for(int i=(Qsize+X-1);i>=0;i--)
159      if(product[i]==0)product[i]=1;
160  else product[i]=0;
161  for(int i=(X+Qsize-1);i>=0;i--)
162      {sum=0;
163      sum=carry+product[i]+tempproduct[i];
164      if(sum==3)
165          {
166              sum=1;carry=1;
167          }else if(sum==2)
168          {
169              sum=0;carry=1;
170          }
171          else{
172              carry=0;
173          }
174          product[i]=sum;
175 
176      }
177  int power=0;
178  for(int i=(Qsize+X)-1;i>=0;i--)
179  {
180      result=result+(product[i]*pow(2,power++));
181  }
182 
183 
184  result=(result*-1)-1;
185  }
186 
187  cout<<"Result=="<<result<<endl;
188  out<<"Result=="<<result<<endl;
189 
190  out.close();
191  cout<<"\n";
192  pause;
193 
194 
195  }
196  void intialiser(int m ,int q)
197  {
198 
199  for(int i=0;i<no_of_bits;i++)
200  {
201      Q[i]=0;
202      A[i]=0;
203      temp[i]=0;
204      M[i]=0;
205      M2Complement[i]=0;
206 
207  }
208 
209 
210 
211  X=binary_convert(m,M);
212 
213  N=binary_convert(q,Q);
214  Qsize=N;
215  m=m*(-1);
216  X=binary_convert(m,M2Complement);
217 
218  out<<"\n==========================================================================\n";
219  out<<"\n M =\t";
220 
221  cout<<"\n==========================================================================\n";
222  cout<<"\n M =\t";
223  for(int i=no_of_bits-X;i<no_of_bits;i++){
224  cout<<M[i];out<<M[i];}
225  cout<<"\n Q =\t";
226  out<<"\n Q =\t";
227 
228  for(int i=no_of_bits-N;i<no_of_bits;i++){
229  cout<<Q[i];out<<Q[i];}
230  cout<<"\n A =\t";
231  out<<"\n A =\t";
232 
233  for(int i=no_of_bits-X;i<no_of_bits;i++){
234  cout<<A[i];out<<A[i];}
235  cout<<"\n-M =\t";
236  out<<"\n-M =\t";
237 
238  for(int i=no_of_bits-X;i<no_of_bits;i++)
239  {
240  cout<<M2Complement[i];out<<M2Complement[i];}cout<<"\n==========================================================================\n";
241 
242  out<<"\n==========================================================================\n";
243 
244  }
245 
246 
247 
248 
249 
250 
251 
252  void ARS()
253  {
254 
255  Q1=Q[no_of_bits-1];
256  for(int i=no_of_bits-1;i>0;i--)
257  {
258      Q[i]=Q[i-1];
259  }
260  for(int i=0;i<=(no_of_bits-Qsize);i++)
261  Q[i]=A[no_of_bits-1];
262  for(int i=no_of_bits-1;i>0;i--)
263  {
264      A[i]=A[i-1];
265  }
266 
267 
268 
269  N--; /// decreasing N value.
270  }
271 
272  int binary_convert(int num,int m[])
273  {bool ispositive=false;int counter=(no_of_bits-1),bitsize=0; /// counter will be used to set current bit value..
274 
275      if(num>0)
276      {
277          ispositive=true;
278      }
279 
280      if(ispositive==true) m[0]=0; /// setting signed bit ;;
281      else
282 
283      {
284          m[0]=1;
285      num=num*(-1);
286      }
287      while(num>0)
288      {bitsize++;
289          if(num%2==0) m[counter]=0;
290          else m[counter]=1; /// reminder ones....
291 
292  num=num/2;
293 
294  counter--;
295 
296      }
297      if(ispositive==false) /// i.e number is negative
298 
299  {
300          for(int counter=1;counter<no_of_bits;counter++)
301 
302          {
303              if(m[counter]==0) m[counter]=1;
304              else m[counter]=0;
305 
306          } /// taking One's Complement...
307 
308          for(int i=0;i<no_of_bits;i++)
309 
310          {if(i==(no_of_bits-1)) temp[i]=1;
311          else temp[i]=0;
312 
313 
314          } /// adding one...
315          Add(m,temp);
316 
317      }
318 
319  return (bitsize+1);
320  }
321  void Add(int FirstNumber[],int SecondNumber[] )
322  {int carry=0,sum=0;
323 
324  for(int i=(no_of_bits-1);i>=0;i--)
325  {sum=0;
326  sum=FirstNumber[i]+SecondNumber[i]+carry;
327 
328  if(sum==3)
329  {
330      sum=1;carry=1;
331  }else if(sum==2)
332  {
333 
334      sum=0; carry=1;
335  }
336  else
337  {
338      carry=0;
339  }
340 
341      FirstNumber[i]=sum;
342  }
343  }
get the source code

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwyIMs3NcEzYdE9QRThUTjh4WjQ/view?usp=sharing

get the executable.
.EXE


https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwyIMs3NcEzYSTk1Y3lGOXM0LU0/view?usp=sharing



Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

share your thoughts ....

Popular posts from this blog

USE any TRIAL SOFTWARE FOREVER WITHOUT SERIAL NUMBER

By
USE any TRIAL SOFTWARE FOREVER WITHOUT SERIAL NUMBER(most wanted trick) Run a trial software forever now with time stopper you can run a trial software forever no need to fetch for serial numbers,activation codes,patch just DOWNLOAD TIME STOPPER now open it install it click browse select the .exe of the software or file which you want to run forever now simply click create desktop icon and now delete all its existing shortcuts now have fun enjoying software for life time
Post a Comment
Read more

C++ Program to Find HCF and LCM among 4 numbers (Easiest Logic)

By
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 #include <iostream> #include <math.h> using namespace std; int main () { int a,b,c,d,i,j,minimum; cout << "Enter the all four number " ; cin >> a >> b >> c >> d; if (a < b && a < c && a < d) minimum = a; else if (b < c && b < d) minimum = b; else if (c < d) minimum = c; else minimum = d; for (j = minimum;; -- j) { if (a % j == 0 && b % j == 0 && c % j == 0 && d % j == 0 ) { break ; } } for (i = 1 ;;i ++ ) { if (i % a == 0 && i % b == 0 && i % c == 0 && i % d == 0 ) break ; } cout << "Lowest Common factor=>" << i << endl; ...
Post a Comment
Read more

12 Tips to Maintain a Virus Free Computer

By
1. Email is one of the common ways by which your computer can catch a virus . So it is always recommended to stay away from SPAM. Open only those emails that has it’s origin from a trusted source such as those which comes from your contact list. If you are using your own private email host (other than gmail, yahoo, hotmail etc.) " then it is highly recommended that you use a good anti-spam software. And finally NEVER click on any links in the emails that comes from untrusted sources. 2. USB thumb/pen drives is another common way by which viruses spread rapidly." So it is always a good habit to perform a virus scan before copying any data onto your computer. NEVER double-click the pen drive to open it. Instead right-click on it and select the option “open”. This is a safe way to open a pen drive. 3. Be careful about using MS Outlook. Outlook is more susceptible to worms than other e-mail programs, unless you have efficient Anti-Virus programs running. Use Pegasus ...
Post a Comment
Read more

How to Put Google Adsense Below Post Title in Blogger?

By
Adsense is used by majority of expert bloggers for their website monetization because it is a cookie based contextual advertising system that shows targeted ads relevant to the content and reader. As bloggers are paid on per click basis, they try various ad placements on the blog to  increase the revenue  and get maximum clicks on the ad units. Well, on some blogs, you might have seen Adsense ad units placed below the post title. Do you know why? It is because the area just below the post title gets the most exposure and is the best place to put AdSense ad units to increase  Click Through Rate (CTR). Even though ads below post title work like a charm but this doesn’t mean that it will work for you as well. If you want to find out the best AdSense ads placement for your blog, try experimenting by placing ads at various locations such as header, sidebar, footer, etc. You can try other  blog monetization methods  as well to effectively monetize y...
Post a Comment
Read more

SQL Server 2016 RTM full and final version available – Download it

By
–> Download SQL Server: To download SQL Server 2016 you can  Register and Download  the SQL Server 2016 Full or free Evaluation version (180 days) here. Or you can  Direct download  the DVD ISO file image (~2.1 GB)  SQLServer2016-x64-ENU.iso   –> Free Developer Version: Microsoft on March 2016 announced that going forward the Developer version of SQL Server any release will be free for Developers and Learning purpose.  Register and Download  the Developer version. Or you can  Directly download  the DVD ISO image (~2.1 GB):  en_sql_server_2016_developer_x64_dvd_8777069.iso This  Developer version  is meant for  development and testing  only, and  not for production environments  or for use with production data. For more info please check my  previous blog post .   –> One big Update on SSMS: From now onward SSMS i.e. SQL Server Management Studio will not be part of SQL ...
1 comment
Read more

FIXED: Feedjit gadgets no longer work on my blog!!! help

By
well if your feedjit tracker is not working than you can easily fix this... goto blogger.com Go to  Dashboard -> Settings And set  HTTPS Redirect  to  No The gadgets will work now for  http ://yourblog.blogspot.com They won't for  https ://yourblog.blogspot.com because their connection isn't secure. this is not a permanent fix ... the gadget developers will have to make their gadgets https ready before Blogger will (if at all) become https only.
Post a Comment
Read more

20 Windows Keyboard Shortcuts You Might Not Know

By
Global Windows Shortcuts Win+1, 2, 3, 4, etc. will launch each program in your taskbar. It is helpful then to keep your most used programs at the beginning of your task bar so you can open them one right after another. This also works in Windows Vista for the quick launch icons. Win+Alt+1, 2, 3, etc. will open the jump list for each program in the taskbar. You can then use your arrows to select which jump list option you want to open. Win+T will cycle through taskbar programs. This is similar to just hovering over the item with your mouse but you can launch the program with Space or Enter. Win+Home minimizes all programs except current the window. This is similar to the Aero shake and can be disabled with the same registry key. Win+B selects the system tray which isn’t always useful but can come in very handy if your mouse stops working. Win+Up/Down maximizes and restores down the current window so long as that window has the option to be maximized. It is exactly t...
Post a Comment
Read more

remove the usb virus instruction

By
REmOVE VIRUS THAT CAUSES FILES IN REMOVBLE RIVE/PEN DRIVE/MEMORY CARD TO become shortcut. Hello friend You can easily remove VIRUS THAT CAUSES FILES IN REMOVBLE RIVE/PEN DRIVE/MEMORY CARD TO become shortcut. For this just download usbfix software here . Step 1:- UNRAR AND DOUBLE CLICK IT WILL  INSTALL ~~~~~~~~~~~~Plug in all your drive that are corrupted with virus ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 2:- now first click on” research “button.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~by RAAJ DUBEY~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~Be patient this step may take many time it will hang on 73 % for much time. Do not cancel here~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`` 3:- now click on “deletion” button ~~~~~~~~~~usbfix window will close ~ now again double click on usbfix ico located at desktop~~~~~~~~~~~JINJAX TRICK ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~` ~~~~~~~again it will scan and delete virus~~~~~~~~~~~~~~` 4:- now click on “lising” button t list all your files back in pd means all shortcut will be deleted and Original folder ,file will b...
Post a Comment
Read more

python program to Print Starting Series OF Indian Mobile Number for a State or operator or both

By
import requests import urllib.request import time from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs import re url = ' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephone_numbering_in_India' state_to_extract = "UE" #if set to None all state is considered telecom_to_extracted = None #if set to none all operator from particular city is extracted response = requests . get(url) print (response) soup = bs(response . text, "html.parser" ) one_a_tag = soup . findAll( 'tr' )[ 35 :] lst = [] for k in one_a_tag: s = k . findAll( 'td' ) limit = len (s) i = 0 while True : if i == limit: break no = s[i] . text i += 1 if i == limit: break operator = s[i] . text i += 1 if i == limit: break state = s[i] . text i += 1 if i == limit: break res = f "{no} {operator} {state}" if state_to_extract is None : if telecom_to_extracted is None : lst . append(no) elif telecom_to_e...
2 comments
Read more